Gynecological Cancer
Gynecological cancer affects women's reproductive organs, such as the cervix, vagina, and fallopian tubes. Common symptoms include vaginal discharge, abdominal and/or pelvic pain, and painful urination.
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Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the cervix. The cervix is the lower, narrower section of the uterus that attaches the upper part of the uterus to the vagina. The cervix makes mucus that helps sperm find its way into the uterus during sex, and closes tightly during pregnancy to keep the baby in the uterus.
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Endometrial Cancer
The uterus is the hollow organ in the female reproductive system where the fetus develops during pregnancy. The uterus has an inner lining (endometrium) that grows each month as a woman menstruates and then leaves the body in a menstrual flow if the woman does not become pregnant. The uterus also has a muscle wall (myometrium) that contracts when a woman has a baby. The majority of uterine cancers form in the endometrium.
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Fallopian Tube Cancer
Fallopian tube cancer is cancer that starts in the fallopian tubes, which are a part of the female reproductive system. The fallopian tubes are two tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus about once a month. Once in the uterus, these eggs may be fertilized by male sperm, making a woman pregnant, or expelled from the body in a menstrual cycle.
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Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) refers to a rare type of tumor that begins in the trophoblast cells inside the uterus during pregnancy. During a normal pregnancy, an organ called the placenta grows inside the uterus to protect, support, and nourish the growing fetus. After an egg is fertilized, cells called trophoblasts surround the growing embryo and eventually develop into the placenta over the course of a pregnancy. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) occurs when these trophoblast cells develop abnormally, and form a growth inside the uterus instead of a normal placenta and embryo. GTD can develop any time during or after a pregnancy.
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Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is cancer that forms in the ovaries. The ovaries are a pair of organs in the female reproductive system, located on either side of the uterus. The ovaries make eggs in addition to the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. These eggs travel from the ovaries through the fallopian tubes to the uterus, where they may be fertilized by male sperm, making the woman pregnant.
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Primary Peritoneal Cancer
Primary Peritoneal Cancer (PPC) is a rare cancer that starts in the peritoneum, a layer of tissue that lines the abdominal cavity and surrounds the organs in the abdomen. The peritoneum protects the organs in the abdomen, provides them with support, and allows them to move freely with the body’s normal movement.
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Vaginal Cancer
Vaginal cancer is cancer that starts in the vagina. The vagina is a channel that leads from the outside of the body to the bottom of the cervix. The vagina is also called the “birth canal” because a baby moves from the uterus through the vagina when a mother is giving birth. The inside of the vagina is coated with squamous cells.
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Vulvar Cancer
Vulvar cancer is an uncommon type of cancer that forms in the vulva, the outer part of the female genitals. Vulvar cancer often develops very slowly over years. Vulvar cancer often starts as precancerous changes on the vulva (vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)), that eventually mutate and become invasive cancer. Vulvar cancer most often starts in the labia majora, but may also affect the labia minora, bartholin glands, or clitoris.
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