Risk Factors
A risk factor is a characteristic, behavior, or condition that raises the possibility of developing a disease. Here are some of the risk factors for Merkel cell carcinoma:
Polyomavirus
Like melanoma skin cancers, Merkel Cell Carcinoma has been linked to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. However, recent information has shown that infection with a previously unknown polyomavirus may be responsible for causing up to 80% of Merkel cell cancers. The rest of the cases are likely related to sun exposure.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
UV radiation from the sun and tanning beds can damage the DNA of your skin cells and cause them to become malignant. You are at an increased risk for Merkel cell carcinoma if you have a history of bad sunburns or if you frequently go tanning.
Fair complexion
People with pale skin, blue eyes, blonde or red hair, and a lot of freckles tend to burn more easily and are at an increased risk for Merkel cell carcinoma.
Weakened immune system
People with weakened immune systems are at a greater risk for developing Merkel cell carcinoma. This may include people who take medication to prevent rejection of an organ transplant, HIV patients, and certain leukemia patients.
Age
Most people who develop Merkel cell carcinoma are over the age of 50.
Gender
Merkel cell carcinoma is more common in males than in females.
Race
Merkel cell carcinoma is more common in whites than in people of other races.
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Personal History
People with a personal history of other cancers may be at an increased risk for Merkel cell carcinoma. Specifically, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) greatly increases a person's risk for Merkel cell carcinoma.
