Risk Factors
A risk factor is a characteristic, behavior, or condition that raises the possibility of developing a disease. Most people with risk factors never develop esophageal cancer and some people get esophageal cancer with no risk factors at all. However, here are some factors known to increase your risk of developing esophageal cancer:
Click Image to Enlarge.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
GERD is a condition in which the valve between the esophagus and stomach (Lower Esophageal Sphincter) does not close properly, allowing stomach acid to flow up into the esophagus. This condition may increase your risk for esophageal cancer.
Click Image to Enlarge.
Barrett's esophagus
GERD can cause this more serious condition if it goes untreated. Chronic exposure to stomach acid can change the type of cells that line the esophagus. This new lining is called Barrett's esophagus. Chronic acid irritation to the esophagus may also lead to genetic damage within these cells. Over a period of time this can lead to a pre-cancerous condition called dysplasia. People who develop dysplasia are at much higher risk for later progression to an actual cancer.
Alcohol and tobacco
Alcohol and tobacco use both increase your risk of developing esophageal cancer. Combining these two substances increases your risk even more.
Age
Most people who get esophageal cancer are over the age of 55, though in recent years there has been an increase in younger patients who are diagnosed with this cancer.
Gender
Esophageal cancer is three to four times more common in men than in women.
Obesity
People who are very overweight are at higher risk for esophageal cancer.
Diet
An unhealthy diet high in processed meats and low in fruits and vegetables can increase your risk for esophageal cancer.
Occupational exposures
Exposure to certain chemicals and fumes in the workplace can increase the risk of esophageal cancer.
Click Image to Enlarge.
Achalasia/Tylosis
Achalasia is a condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter does not open properly, causing food to collect in the esophagus. Tylosis causes small growths to form in the esophagus. These conditions increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer.
Click Image to Enlarge.
Esophageal webs
Webs are abnormal growths on the inner lining of the esophagus. They can narrow the esophagus, making it difficult to swallow. Esophageal webs increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer.
