Risk Factors
A risk factor is anything that increases the possibility of developing a disease. Here are some known risk factors for developing bile duct cancer:
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Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
PSC is a condition in which the bile ducts become inflamed, leading to scarring and obstruction of the bile ducts. PSC increases the risk of developing bile duct cancer.
Age
The risk of developing bile duct cancer increases with age. Most people with the disease are over the age of 65.
Smoking
The risk of developing bile duct cancer is higher in people who smoke.
Obesity
People who are extremely overweight or obese have an increased risk of developing bile duct cancer.
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Gallstones
Gallstones are hardened collections of cholesterol and other substances found in the gallbladder and bile ducts. Gallstones can increase the risk of developing bile duct cancer.
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Choledochal cysts
Choledochal cysts are pouches that can form along the bile ducts. Left untreated, these cysts can block the flow of bile, lead to inflammation, which can then lead to precancerous changes that increase the risk of bile duct.
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Pancreatic duct reflux
Pancreatic duct reflux is a condition in which juices in the pancreas flow backward into the bile ducts. This condition may increase the risk of bile duct cancer.
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Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are related to PSC and can increase the risk of developing bile duct cancer.
Chronic hepatitis
People with chronic infections are at an increased risk for developing bile duct cancer.
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Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis occurs when damaged liver cells are replaced with scar tissue. Cirrhosis is often caused by alcohol abuse or chronic infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Cirrhosis of the liver can increase the risk of developing bile duct cancer.
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Liver fluke parasite
Liver fluke parasites are tiny parasites that live in the bile ducts. Liver fluke parasite infections are rare in the United States, but are more common in southeast Asia, where it can be transmitted through eating uncooked or undercooked fish. These parasites can increase the risk of developing bile duct cancer. Liver fluke parasites are tiny parasites that live in the bile ducts.
