Risk Factors
A risk factor is any characteristic, behavior, or condition that increases your chances of getting a disease. Here are some known risk factors for developing anal cancer:
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection
Many cases of anal cancer (80-90%) have been linked to infection with certain types of the HPV virus. HPV may lead to precancerous changes in your anal canal that can eventually develop into anal cancer.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
It is estimated that 30-40% of people with AIDS contract some sort of cancer. HIV is a precursor to AIDS, which weakens the immune system and allows for the body to easily contract infections and diseases. Among individuals with HIV, a study recently demonstrated an overall incidence of cancer to be 4%.
Age
Your risk for developing anal cancer increases with age. Most people who develop anal cancer are over the age of 50.
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Chronic Irritation
Having chronic anal irritation, redness, swelling or soreness may increase your risk for anal cancer.
Having more than 10 sexual partners and/or anal intercourse
Risky sexual behavior, like having unprotected intercourse, intercourse with people who have STDs, intercourse with many partners or anal intercourse may increase the risk of getting an HPV infection, which can increase the risk of developing anal cancer.
Smoking
Smoking has been associated with an increased risk for anal cancer.
Immunodeficiency
People with weak immune systems resulting from organ transplants, HIV/AIDS, and other autoimmune diseases may be at an increased risk for anal cancer.
