How do Hepatitis B and C spread?

Hepatitis B and C can spread in similar ways. They are both carried in an infected person's blood. The hepatitis B virus is present in the blood and bodily fluids of an infected person. The hepatitis C virus is present primarily in the blood, and is spread mainly by the sharing of needles.


Blood Exposure

Blood exposure risks include:
  • Blood from cuts and injuries
  • Nose bleed
  • Menstrual blood



Tooth brushes and shared objects.

HBV and HCV can also be spread by sharing objects such as:
  • Tooth brushes
  • Razors
  • Pierced earrings
  • Chewing gum (HBV)



Medical tools.

Both viruses may be found on medical tools in dentist or doctor's offices:
  • Although strict precautions are taken to sterilize all tools, you should inform your health care providers that you have hepatitis B or C.



Sharing needles.

HBV and HCV can also be spread by sharing any kind of needle such as those used for:
  • Tattooing
  • Body piercing
  • Acupuncture
  • Shots for health reasons
  • Illegal drugs



Bodily Secretions

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Hepatitis B can be more infectious than hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis C is most commonly spread by blood to blood, such as sharing needles or blood transfusion. Hepatitis B is more easily passed through body fluids such as semen, saliva, and vaginal secretions. The hepatitis B virus exists in breast milk; however, it is safe for an infected mother to breastfeed her child, as long as the child was vaccinated at birth.



Unprotected sexual intercourse.

Unprotected Sex
  • Hepatitis B is commonly spread through unprotected sexual intercourse, either heterosexual or homosexual. Having sex with multiple partners increases a person's risk of getting hepatitis B. Women are at higher risk to become infected than men.



Mother and child

Babies
  • Babies born to mothers with hepatitis B should receive a series of shots. These include the hepatitis B immune globulin (preferably within 12-24 hours of birth) and a series of three hepatitis B vaccines. If you are HIV-positive and have hepatitis C, there is an increased risk that your baby may be born with hepatitis C or HIV.
  • If you are pregnant and are infected with hepatitis B or hepatitis C, your doctor can tell you about the best way to protect your baby from the virus.


Safe Activities for People with HBV or HCV
Safe Activities for People with HBV or HCV


Some safe activities for people with HBV or HCV:
  • Shaking hands
  • Hugging
  • Preparation of food
  • Swimming