Side Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiation to the Heart

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Effects of Chemotherapy to the Heart:

Patient speaking with family

Chemotherapy is a common and efficient treatment used to destroy cancer cells, but it may damage healthy tissue that is critical to heart function. If you receive certain chemotherapies your heart function should be carefully checked by your doctor. Extra fluid may be given to the heart with some chemotherapy agents or drugs. The heart must work harder due to the extra fluid and this can contribute to heart failure. It is recommended to keep a list of the chemotherapy drugs you receive.

The following is a list of heart complications that may be caused by chemotherapy:

Cardiomyopathy: Enlarged heart
Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat

Symptoms include: lightheadedness, chest pain and shortness of breath

Ischemia: Low blood flow to heart
Pericarditis: Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the heart
Tachycardia: Rapid heartbeat
Congestive Heart Failure: Loss of heart pumping ability

Effects of Radiation to the Heart:

Patient speaking with family

Radiation is another common treatment for cancer that can also affect the heart and its ability to function well. If you receive radiation your heart function should be carefully checked by your doctor. The side effects should be discussed in more detail with your doctor.

The following is a list of heart complications that may be caused by radiation therapy:

Pericarditis: Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the heart

Usually develops 6–12 months after radiation therapy

May be short-term (acute) or chronic

Premature coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis

Usually develops 10–15 years after radiation therapy

Myocarditis: Inflammation of the heart muscle
Congestive Heart Failure: Loss of heart pumping ability
Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat

Caused by damage to the heart’s electrical system

Lead to blood clots and heart failure

Cardiomyopathy: Enlarged heart
Damage to heart valves

Hypertension:

Hypertension

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is when the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels is too high causing the heart and blood vessels to work harder and less efficiently. High blood pressure may lead to serious damage and health conditions if steps are not taken to manage it. Two types of hypertension-pulmonary and resistant-may result if high blood pressure is not managed. The following can be done in order to lower the risk for developing hypertension: continual blood pressure testing, losing weight, eating less salt, taking medicine and being active.