Causes & Risk Factors
About 80% to 90% of all cases of COPD are linked to smoking. Toxins from tobacco smoke irritate the lining of the bronchial tubes and damage the alveoli (air sacs) where oxygen is absorbed into the blood stream. In non-smokers and smokers, COPD may also be caused or exacerbated by inhalation of other pollutants and toxins, as well as by certain genetic traits.
Tobacco Smoke
Smoking any type of tobacco product is the biggest risk factor for COPD, and is responsible for about 80% to 90% of all cases. Cigarette smoke can irritate the lining of the bronchial tubes and damage the alveoli (air sacs) where oxygen is absorbed into the blood stream. The most important step you can take to prevent and treat COPD is to stop smoking in order to slow down the progression of the disease.
Workplace Exposure
Workers who are exposed to certain chemicals, dust, smoke and fumes in the workplace may be at an increased risk for COPD. These toxins can damage the airways and alveoli, and contribute to COPD.
Age
Most people with COPD are over the age of 45. COPD is a progressive disease that takes years to develop and gets worse over time.
Genetics
Some cases of emphysema are caused by an Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD). Alpha-1 antitrypsin normally helps to protect the lungs by removing harmful substances. A deficiency of this protein can cause healthy lung tissue to be destroyed as well.
